Spanish Criminal Law Vocabulary
Guía de Derecho Penal
Essential Criminal Law Terminology, Offenses & Trial Proceedings
Explanation: The branch of the legal system dealing with crimes, offenses, and their punishments.
Usage: Used when prosecuting illegal actions, as opposed to civil disputes.
Ejemplo: El delito está tipificado en el Código del Derecho Penal.
Explanation: An offense punishable by law. A delito grave is a felony, while a delito menor / falta is a misdemeanor.
Usage: Delito is the most common and precise legal term in Spanish.
Ejemplo: El robo a mano armada es considerado un delito grave.
Explanation: The person formally accused or under investigation for committing a crime (also called investigado).
Usage: Refers to the defendant facing charges in a criminal trial.
Ejemplo: El jurado declaró culpable al acusado en el juicio.
Explanation: The district attorney or public prosecutor presenting the case against the defendant on behalf of the state.
Usage: Opposes the defense attorney (abogado defensor).
Ejemplo: El fiscal presentó pruebas contundentes contra el acusado.
Explanation: The action of detaining someone in official custody. The verb form is arrestar (to arrest).
Usage: Used when police take a suspect into official custody.
Ejemplo: La policía realizó la detención del sospechoso por la noche.